pdsam1

§ aba' n. § -- aba' X || X aba' = 'debris [of] X, X being [parts of] trees, branches, bushes, or foliage, that has fallen and covers the ground and that interferes with travel' + aba' kayeu 'debris of fallen trees' + aba' repo or repo aba' 'debris of fallen trees, bushes, or foliage that covers the ground and that interferes with travel' + pina aba' 'a lot of fallen foliage' + memarah aba' 'clear away debris from fallen trees' | Repo aba' neu kayeu kuba'. 'Debris of fallen trees that obstructs the way.' Hun amé na'at aba' [uban] neu lipan lem jalan mé', amé sakit kenin uban jalan mé' repo. 'When we see fallen trees that have been pushed over by bulldozers on our trails, we are unhappy because our trails are difficult to walk along because of all the foliage.' Tong jalan iteu pina aba'. Tusah lakau. 'On this trail there is a lot of debris from fallen trees. It is hard to walk.' Retek éh pina aba'. 'A place where many trees have fallen.' Jian ke' memarah aba' repo inah boh roh omok lakau. 'Kindly clear away this fallen brush so that we can walk.' Pakai lipan bet aba' kayeu. 'Use a bulldozer to clear away the debris of fallen trees.' Repo aba' neu kepu. 'Debris of bushes blown down by the wind.' Aba' paka' éh peloho tong jalan. 'Fresh branches that have fallen onto the trail.' Aba' da'an. 'debris of fallen branches' Aba' ujung kayeu. 'debris of fallen leaves' Aba' inan 'debris consisting of stalks or trunks' Pakai lipan muit kayeu aba'. 'Use a bulldozer to push away fallen trees.' Pakai lipan muit repo aba'. 'Use a bulldozer to push away debris of fallen underbrush.' Pakai lipan muit da'an aba'. 'Use a bulldozer to push away debris of fallen branches.' Pakai lipan muit ujung kayeu aba'. 'Use a bulldozer to push away debris of fallen leaves.'

§ abi 1. § -- abi abi Q uban R = 'so that's the reason why Q -- it's because R' | Abi abi aké gem sakit uban néh naneu suha' uvut. 'So that's the reason why my foot is hurting -- it's because of an "uvut" thorn.' Abi abi ka'au de' Tamen Lebui iteu ke' tu de'. "so that's the reason that you are here, Tamen Lebui." Boh keli'ap bara', "O, abi abi péh anak ké' manga lamin uban néh medai ha' ko' marang teu éh avé anak ké' juk matai menéng ha' arang ko'. 'And the lizard said, "The reason my child is crying is because of the noise made by the house that has just arrived. The dreadful din made by your flying is enough to frighten her to death!' Abi abi akeu senevut kemirang uban réh tai kon anai. 'The reason I got bitten by fire ants is because they went to eat the termites.' (these had congregated in the place I put down my foot)

§ abok n. § -- abok X = 'fine dust produced as a by-product of a process transforming X' + abok parai 'dust consisting of pulverized rice husk' (by-product of pounding "parai" in "song") + abok kayeu 'sawdust' + abok X meman 'fine X dust' | Jian ke' ala abok parai pan seluang. 'Kindly take some pulverized rice husk as fish bait.' Abok kayeu iteu meman mu'un uban maten keraji meman. 'This sawdust is very fine because the saw is fine.' Abok kayeu uban réh maneu bengan. 'Sawdust resulting from the making of planks.' Abok kayeu iteu meman mu'un uban geraji si'ik. 'This sawdust is very fine because the saw is fine.'

§ ada - ngada v. § -- X ngada = 'X emits light' | Maten dau ngada. 'The sun shines.' Laséh ngada. 'The moon shines.' Titui nyak seluang ngada. 'A candle is lit.' Luten léterik iteu keto ngada. 'This electric light is still on.' Lerap ngada. 'A bioluminescent leaf (etc.) is glowing.' Betuneu ngada. 'A firefly is glowing.' Luten ngada. 'A fire puts out light.' Tong ga' néh boh roh temeu tong jah lamin ngada éh jian tong ahang tana'. 'At last they found a well-lit house far away in a distant place.' • shine

§ ada n. § -- ada X tong Y = 'light of X [falling] on Y' + ada X kelinget Y 'the light of X is blocked by Y' + bé' pu'un ada 'there is no light' + ada X tai <tuai> tong Y 'light of X falls on Y' + ada éh nawa <lena> mu'un 'light that is very bright' + ada X bilep [pata'] 'light source X abruptly goes out or switches off' | Ada pelita'. 'the light of the lamp' Ada maten dau. 'light of the sun' Ada kenyuhai. 'light of a star' Ada betuneu. 'light of a firefly' Ada titui. 'light of a lamp' Ada tong béteri lepah pata' uban néh sukup kegahang. 'The [indicator] light on the battery has gone out because it has enough power.' Ada kerita. 'light of (from) the car' Ada dau tong surat. 'Daylight [falling] on the book.' Ada dau kelinget ujung da'un sapau. 'The daylight is blocked by the roof leaves.' Ada pété tuai <tai> masek lem sikan tio tai tong gelan. 'The sun was shining through the window onto the floor.' Boh dau merem, ngio pukun tuju, boh réh tekejet na'at ada éh barei ada subu' lapung pisit éh lena mu'un éh nawa mu'un. 'Night fell, and at seven o'clock they were a light like that of a torchlight bulb that was very clear and very bright.' "Ada ineu éh lena mu'un tong pet naha dayah lamin tam teu?" ha' réh. 'So they asked, "What is that very bright light coming from downstream at the end of the stony point?"' Boh réh piting piting nekedéng boh réh tai pejah pejah usah tai jah usah tipet néh juk avé bilep pata' ada iri' molé lakei éh tai nyeretek ada iri'. 'So they stood in a row, and one by one they approached the stone. And at the moment each one had almost reached it, the light went out, and he had to turn back.' see penyukat + ada penyukat • light

§ adang adv. = 'certainly' + adang kenat! 'naturally, of course!' | Uban hun néh piso jin tamen néh, adang tamen néh matai uban néh besau kenin. 'Because if he leaves his father, surely his father will die of grief.' Hun ka'au kereja mu'un mu'un maneu kamus iteu, tong ga' [néh] adang pesuai. 'If you work very hard on this dictionary, in the end it will surely be completed.' • certainly

§ adek n., adj. § -- X adek = 'something that looks like a real X but which is not a real X' | Gem adek. 'artificial leg' Jipen adek. 'false tooth' Maten adek. 'glass eye' Kerita adek. 'play car' Juhit adek. 'model of a bird' Bunga' adek. 'artifical flower' Lakei irai bé' iah gusi-gusi. "Kio adek awah ke'," ha' juhit inah. 'The man did not move. "It seems to be something that merely has the shape of a person," thought the bird.' Uban néh ngepaléu ba jula' néh malui layan usah néh, inah bubu nekelak adek awah. 'Because he had transformed his spittle into the form of his own body, thus it was that [the enemies] were kept busy chasing after that ersatz.' Mai keteleu lavo' na'at éh nebi ké' teu. Akeu bi adek ke'. 'Don't have any illusions about what I am carrying. I'm not carrying the real thing.' • artificial

§ adet 1. n. § -- adet X = 'the customs, rules, and conventions that govern the society of X' + X teneng tong adet Y 'X follows or upholds the customs of Y' + X ngelapah tong adet X 'X violates the customs of X' + X kivu adet Y 'X abides by the customs of Y' | Adet Penan 'Penan customary law.' Iah bé' teneng adet. 'He doesn't follow <respect> customary law.' Iah teneng tong adet Penan. 'He upholds Penan custom.' Ngelapah tong adet Penan. 'Break the customary law of the Penan.' • custom

§ adet 2. n. § -- adet tong X = 'the rules and usages that apply to X' + X pekalai adet 'X learns the rules and usages' + X jam adet 'X knows the rules' | Sagap lepah ma'o pekalai adet tong mihin kelunan jin sa usit eh juk lakau seminga' tong tana'. 'Sagap has finished learning the rules and usages that apply to taking foreigners for hikes into the forest.' Uban néh bé' jam adet tong sekolah, guru merek ngan néh. 'Because she does not know the rules in school, the teacher is angry with her.'

§ adet 3. n. § -- adet X ngan Y = 'behaviour of X towards Y' + X jian <sa'at> adet ngan Y 'X behaves properly <improperly> toward Y' + X ngejian adet X 'X improves X's behaviour' + X ngeju adet éh sa'at 'X avoids behaving badly' | Medok sa'at adet. 'The monkey is misbehaved.' Jian ke' ngeju adet éh sa'at. 'Avoid behaving badly.' Irah pina menya awah, uban Asan jian adet ngan réh. 'They grew ashamed, for Asan was treating them all so correctly.' Hun avé ba'éng déhé lamin, boh jah padé néh tio nepék ba teneng tong padé réh éh matai sahau nah. Iah tio ngeradau bara', "Iteu néh adet keteleu keleko ké' ri' de'!" ha' néh. 'When they had arrived downriver and were close to the house, that brother splashed some water directly on to the dead sister. She cried out, saying, "This behaviour of yours is the very thing that I detest!"' Na' piah juk ngejian adet néh, inah éh tong <sa> la kulit néh awah. Semu'un néh lem usah néh iah merek, juk mematai kelunan. 'Although she apparently wants to improve her behaviour, this is a sham (lit., only skin deep). In fact, down deep she is angry, and wants to kill people.' Adet Hasan ngan ké' sa'at mu'un. 'Hasan's behaviour towards me is very bad.' • behaviour

§ adin n. § -- adin X = 'object attached to the supporting post of building X, designed to block small animals, in particular rodents, from climbing up the post and invading X' + adin luvung parai ""adin" of a rice barn' + adin jin lakat kayeu '"adin" fashioned from a buttress root' + adin jin tin '"adin" made from sheet metal' | Jian ke' suai adin tong suka' lamin <luvung> parai ko' dai moséng taket. cf kulat 2

§ agap n. § -- agap X = 'wood of moderate dimensions lacking branches and leaves, intended as fuel, consisting of or obtained from X' + agap la'a 'firewood obtained from the remains of an abandoned house' + utui <putui> agap 'broken piece or length of an "agap"' + agap avé geretip 'branches and twigs' (used to describe what one normally collects in order to build a fire in the open air) | "O," ha' lakei inah, "Jian ku' ala geretip avé agap ke'ké' kahang luten nuneu medok teu siteu jak," '"Well," thought the man, "I should gather up some twigs and sticks and light a fire and singe the fur off this monkey."' Agap éh mahang. 'flaming stick' Boh éh tio meté putui agap kenéh mipok éh. 'So she picked up a piece of wood to hit him with.' cf angau, geretip • firewood

§ agat - magat 1. v. § -- X magat [tong] Y / agat / reciproc. pepagat = 'X feels amorous passion for Y (the strongest term for passionate love or lust -- stronger than "kelo 3")' | Akeu magat ka'au. 'I love you.' Rawah agat néh. 'He was enamoured of the two of them.' Agat ké' redo inah. 'I love that woman.' Agat Sara' banen néh. 'Sarah loves her husband.' Hun Tuoh avé tong lamin boh lakei éh agat Tuoh rawah sit ri' bara', "Hun kenat redo Sit awah agat ké'. Ka'au redo tuoh akeu bé' lah magat tong ka'au," ha' lakei Pelajan. Boh lah redo Sit awah lah nala lakei Pelajan ri'. Jadi Tuoh nebet néh. 'Once Tuoh had returned to the house, the man whom she loved said to her, "Since things have turned out the way they have, it is Sit alone whom I love. As for you, Tuoh, I do not love you." So it was Sit alone whom Pelajan took as his wife, and Tuoh found herself spurned.' Lakei iri' kelih mu'un magat redo iri'. Hun avé tong tesut besalé lakei iri' ngo'ét redo iri' tong tesut besalé ri'. 'The man's passion for the woman was aroused, and when they reached the bottom of the landslide, he screwed her.' Amo pepagat. 'We are in love with each other.' cf kelo, murung • love

§ agat - magat 2. v. § -- X magat [tong] Y / agat = 'X loves Y' (it is appropriate to use this to denote feelings between members of a family, but not between friends) | Akeu magat tinen <tamen> ké'. 'I love my mother <father>.' Tamen tinen tekep magat tong anak réh. 'Parents should love their children.' cf kelo, murung • love

§ agat - magat 3. v. § -- X magat [tong] Y / agat = 'X loves, or really likes, thing Y' | Akeu magat keleput iteu. 'I love this blowpipe.' Akeu bé' magat [tong] selapang. 'I don't like shotguns.' "Mah agat ko', umun ko' kebit atau ka'au omok ngejian <nawan> kelunan éh sakit omok ma'o?" ha' balei telesai nah ngan kelunan éh juk belajan kerenget ri'. '"Which do you wish for, long life or the ability to cure people who are sick?" That is what the spirit of the "telesai" asks the person who wants to learn magic.' • love

§ agat - magat 4. v. § -- X magat V / agat = 'X likes or loves to V' | ...ka'au barei kayeu éh magat ngebua siget ta'un... B49:22 '..you are like a tree that likes to fruit every year...' Akeu magat lakau tong tana'. 'I love to walk in the forest.' Boh redo éh mihin roh petayu ri' bara', "Hun kenat da', hun ko' molé [hun] iteu da', hun pu'un ka'an nyakit kelavet tela'o payau babui lem jalan ko', jian ke' ngelevé éh mah awah agat neput ko'. 'Then the woman who had made them wrestle said, "since that's the case, when you go home from here, if there are leaf monkeys, or gibbons, or barking deer, or sambar deer, or wild pigs in your path, just choose whichever ones you want to shoot. You will take however many you want."' • like

§ agat - pengagat n. § -- pengagat X tong Y = 'love of X for Y' | Uban pengagat néh tong Sara' éh jian layan mu'un, iah piso tai moko dehé Sara'. 'Because of his love for Sara' who was very good looking, he moved to live close to Sara'.' Pengagat ké' tong alut nah uban tamen ké' éh suai éh. 'My love for that boat is due to the fact that my father made it.' • love

§ ageng adj. § -- X ageng = 'X, which is supposed to be supple, is instead stiff' | Iah tio ageng matai tong anak lamin néh ri' lah. 'His body lay stiff and dead in that little house.' Jian ke' po kerayung ko' éh nong neu daha nah dai néh ageng da'. 'Kindly wash your shirt, which is stained with blood, lest it become stiff.' Talei uai éh lebé tong pété omok ageng, jam putui. 'Cord made of rattan that is in the sun for a long time can get stiff and is likely to snap.' Kerayung ké' uban daha babui ageng. 'My shirt got still from pig's blood.' Ujung kayeu éh matai jam ageng. 'Dead leaves tend to get stiff.' syn jei, osoi; cf ngerotong • stiff

§ agui n. (dilem) = 'sharpened stake, used in a trap to skewer game' + X melé agui 'X checks on "agui"' + X teneng tong agui 'X is skewered on "agui"' | Hun ko' molé da' avé tong lamin ko' ketai, jian ke' suai agui avé belatik. Hun néh pu'un neu ko', kura dau jin ka'o inah, ka'au tai melé agui ko'. Hun pu'un jah tinen babui teneng tong néh, babui inah menyak mu'un ngan néh mebéng barei belasu'. 'When you arrive at your home, make a pitfall with sharpened stakes. A few days after you have made it, go back and check on it. If a female pig is stuck on the stakes, it will be fat, its body packed full with the whitest fat imaginable.' syn siang

§ ahang tana' idiom. n. p. = 'area of land far away from where most people live' | Tong ga' néh boh roh temeu tong jah lamin ngada éh jian tong ahang tana' boh éh tai tong retek inah boh éh na'at inah jah kelunan maren boh ka' inah lakei raja'. 'At last they found a well-lit house far away in a distant place, and they went up to that house and saw there a person of great dignity. That man was a king.' Pu'un jah jah vun sanan kelunan sahau moko réh tong jah ahang tana' tong ba jian atong ba inah Ba Kebit ngaran néh ba inah. 'There was once a group of families living in a remote part of the forest near a fine, straight-flowing stream called Long River.' cf linek • remote area

§ ahéng adj. § -- ahéng X || X éh ahéng : X is a noun denoting the air or the sky, or the day or the night, or a particular time of day or night -- e.g. sawang, langit, dau, tahup, merem, dau kuba' = 'X is cloudless' + jian ahéng X 'X is nice and clear' + ahéng ada dau 'daylight with no clouds' | Jian ahéng dau iteu. 'It's nice and clear today.' Jian ahéng merem iteu, uban kekat kenyuhai poléng. 'It's nice and clear tonight, because all the stars are visible.' Jian ahéng tahup iteu. 'This evening sky is nice and clear.' Hun iteu ahéng langit. 'Now the sky is cloudless.' Ahéng sawang. = Ahéng langit. 'The sky is clear.' Ahéng dau kuba', bé' dau ta. 'It is clear this afternoon, it is not raining.' Sinah ayen kepu ngan layan ahéng dau paléu rema ngan peséng. 'A gentle breeze was blowing and the sky turned blue and the day became bright.' Ngivun éh ahéng. 'clear morning' Merem éh ahéng. Kunyuhai poléng bé bé. 'The night is clear. All the stars are visible.' Dau iteu ahéng. 'Today it is clear.' Malem rai ahéng. = Ahéng malem rai. 'It was clear last night.' • clear

§ ahi n. § -- ahi X = 'fine fibre, derived from or contained in X' | Ahi ihat bok. 'a fibre of hair' Ahi uaya. 'very fine wire, or fibre making up woven wire' Ahi jé livah. 'thread from torn cloth' Ahi leva'. 'fibre of the "leva'" plant' Ahi basong uvut pakai réh ngeriput. 'fibre derived from "uvut" palm roots used for sewing.' Ahi bulun méu pakai mesok rong lakei éh pegen maneu éh ngevusih. 'A cat's hair that they used to stick into the nose of the sleeping man to make him snort.' Iah maneu ahi talei. 'She picks apart the rope to create individual thin fibres.' cf ketian • fibre