<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta name=Title content=" "> <meta name=Keywords content=""> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 10"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 10"> <link rel=File-List href="pendict1_files/filelist.xml"> <title> </title> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Template>Normal</o:Template> <o:LastAuthor>Andrew Wong</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision>2</o:Revision> <o:Created>2006-03-28T03:34:00Z</o:Created> <o:LastSaved>2006-03-28T03:34:00Z</o:LastSaved> <o:Pages>3</o:Pages> <o:Words>892</o:Words> <o:Characters>5085</o:Characters> <o:Company>me</o:Company> <o:Lines>42</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>10</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>6244</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>10.1316</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing>6 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>6 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:UseMarginsForDrawingGridOrigin/> <w:Compatibility> <w:SpaceForUL/> <w:BalanceSingleByteDoubleByteWidth/> <w:DoNotLeaveBackslashAlone/> <w:ULTrailSpace/> <w:DoNotExpandShiftReturn/> <w:AdjustLineHeightInTable/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman"; 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margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> </head> <body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=Section1> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:49.0pt;text-align:center; mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:26.5pt;font-family:Times-Bold'><b>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:49.0pt;text-align:center; mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:18.5pt;font-family:Times-Bold'><b>&nbsp;</b></span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Times-Roman'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:18.5pt;font-family:Times-Roman'>&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Times-Roman'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:18.5pt;font-family:Times-Roman'>&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Times-Roman'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:32.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:Times-Bold'><b>Dictionary of Eastern Penan<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:29.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:21.0pt;font-family:Times-Bold'><b>by Ian Mackenzie</b></span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Times-Roman'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:29.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:18.5pt;font-family:Times-Bold'><b>&nbsp;</b></span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Times-Roman'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:18.5pt;font-family:Times-Roman'>&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Times-Roman'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>The Eastern Penan language is spoken by approximately ten thousand people in the Malaysian state of Sarawak on the Island of Borneo. This work is the first attempt to fully describe the language.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>The Penan Dictionary is a project that I embarked on in 1994. It is a continuing effort, and every year I gather more data in the field and enlarge, refine, and correct my text. As of 2004 I have described almost twelve thousand items, consisting of lexemes, phrasemes, and lexical functions (that is, roughly speaking, words taken in their various senses plus idiomatic structures). The text of the dictionary proper, which includes numerous examples, consists of approximately half a million words.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>In addition to the dictionary, I have created an English - Penan index, as well as a basic grammar of the language.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>This is a new kind of dictionary, making use as it does of some of the formalisms of a lexicographic model known as the Explanatory-Combinatorial dictionary. It is above all a production dictionary, that is a tool that assists its user to produce well-formed texts of the Penan language, rather than just interpret existing texts.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>The dictionary remains a work in progress. However, beginning in about 1996 I have been making available copies of the latest version of my manuscript to various interested persons.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>Here are three sample entries from the dictionary.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><b>&sect; ipa </b><span style='font-weight:normal'>I &sect; --</span><b> ipa [tong] X Y jin Z </b><span style='font-weight:normal'>|| </span><b>ipa jin Z tong X Y</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> n = 'Z 's reply to request or question X , voiced by Y' +</span><b> ha' ipa X jin Y</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'answer from Y to request [voiced in] X' +</span><b> [ha'] ipa &eacute;h li'eu</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'tardy answer' +</span><b> [ha'] ipa &eacute;h laho </b><span style='font-weight:normal'>'prompt answer' + </span><b>Z maneu ha' ipa [tong] X Y</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'Z makes or issues a reply to Y's request voiced in X' + </span><b>Y mena [ha'] ipa X jin Z</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'Y awaits a reply from Z to Y 's request voiced in X' | Av&eacute; hun iteu b&eacute;' pu'un ipa jin peritah tong surat m&eacute;'. = Av&eacute; hun iteu b&eacute;' pu'un ipa tong surat m&eacute;' jin peritah. 'Up until now there has been no reply from the government to our letter.' Am&eacute; mena ipa jin peritah. = Am&eacute; mena ha' ipa jin peritah. 'We are waiting for the government's answer.' Am&eacute; mena ipa surat jin peritah. 'We are waiting for the government to reply to the letter.' Am&eacute; mena ha' ipa surat m&eacute;' rai jin peritah. 'We are waiting for the government's reply to our letter (that we have sent).' Ha' ipa jin peritah li'eu mu'un. 'The answer from the government was very tardy .' Peritah b&eacute;' juk maneu ha' ipa [tong] surat m&eacute;'. 'The government does not want to issue a reply to our letter.'<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&sect; <b>jaji</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 2 &sect; --</span><b> jaji X ngan Y juk V</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> n = 'promise of X to Y that X will V' + </span><b>X pu'un jaji ngan Y juk V </b><span style='font-weight:normal'>'X has made a promise with Y to V' +</span><b> jaji X &eacute;h tatu'</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X 's firm promise' +</span><b> jaji X &eacute;h petem</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X 's firm promise' + </span><b>ha' jaji X V</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X 's stated promise to V' + </span><b>X bet jaji</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X breaks a promise' + </span><b>X ngelapah jaji</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X breaks a promise' + </span><b>X kivu jaji</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X keeps a promise' +</span><b> X teneng tong jaji</b><span style='font-weight: normal'> 'X does as X promises' (including 'X comes when X promises X will') + </span><b>X maneu jaji ngan Y</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X makes a promise with Y' + </span><b>ha' jaji X ngan Y</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X 's stated promise to Y' + </span><b>X pepiso ha' jaji X ngan Y</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X alters X 's promise to Y' + </span><b>X pepiso ha' X tong jaji X ngan Y</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X alters X's promise to Y' +</span><b> pu'un X tong jaji X</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X sticks to X 's promise' +</span><b> b&eacute;' av&eacute; tong jaji X N Y</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'before the promised period of N Y set by X has elapsed' | Pu'un ku' maneu jaji ngan r&eacute;teleu inah. 'I have made a promise with those three.' La'ah akeu kivu jaji k&eacute;' ngan ko' rai. 'Then I will keep the promise I made to you.' B&eacute;' &eacute;h omok pepiso ha' n&eacute;h tong jaji n&eacute;h ngan redo inah uban iah maneu &eacute;h ngan ha' supa n&eacute;h. 'He could not change his word as far as his promise to that woman was concerned because he had made it under oath.' B&eacute;' &eacute;h omok pepiso ha' jaji n&eacute;h ngan redo inah uban iah maneu &eacute;h ngan ha' supa n&eacute;h. 'He could not alter his promise to that woman because he had made it under oath.' Kel&eacute; da' pu'un &eacute;h tong jaji n&eacute;h sagam nah. 'Let's see if he really holds to his promise tomorrow.' Kio pu'un Balang tong jaji n&eacute;h sagam. 'I think Balang will keep his promise tomorrow (e.g. to come).' Ma'o inah b&eacute;' av&eacute; tong jaji balei iri' pat las&eacute;h nah, av&eacute; jah las&eacute;h vevilang keruah, pu'un duah redo &eacute;h poho lua' Katen. 'But long before those promised four months had elapsed, after the moon had run its course but one time and a half, there came two women from Katen&#8217;s community.'<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&sect; <b>mihin</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 2 &sect; --</span><b> X mihin Y [ngan X ] jin Z tai W / nihin</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> vb = 'X brings, leads or guides Y [with X] from Z to W -- Y being able to travel independently of X' + </span><b>X mihin Y ngan pengelakau &eacute;h jian</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X carefully leads Y' + </span><b>X mihin Y kivu X</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> 'X leads or takes Y along with X' | Iah mihin uleu. 'He is guiding us.' Iah mihin akeu ngan pengelakau &eacute;h jian. 'He led me carefully.' Jian ke' seruh jian jian, mai ke' mihin anak k&eacute;' iteu tai sinah kep&eacute;h. 'Be careful not to take my son back there.' Iah mihin kekat r&eacute;h ngan n&eacute;h mol&eacute; kep&eacute;h. 'She brought all of them back with her.' Akeu mihin ka'au masek lamin k&eacute;'. 'I invite you into my house.' Boh r&eacute;h mihin Awang Item kivu r&eacute;h. 'So they took Awang Item along with them.' syn </span><b>patet</b><span style='font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>Here are some more excerpts from the dictionary.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><b>Introduction</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> and </span><b>Formalisms of the Dictionary&nbsp;</b><span style='font-weight: normal'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><a href="http://www.rimba.com/pendict/pendicintrosample1.html"><span style='color:#82007F'>www.rimba.com/pendict/pendicintrosample1.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><b>Penan Grammar</b><span style='font-weight:normal'> (first two pages only)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><a href="http://www.rimba.com/pendict/pendicintrosample2.html"><span style='color:#84007E;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>www.rimba.com/pendict/pendicintrosample2.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><b>Two sample pages of the dictionary (aba&#8217; &#8211; ahong)</b><span style='font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><a href="http://www.rimba.com/pendict/pendicpropersample1.html"><span style='color:#84007E;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>www.rimba.com/pendict/pendicpropersample1.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><b>Two more sample pages of the dictionary (salep &#8211; sapa)</b><span style='font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><a href="http://www.rimba.com/pendict/pendicpropersample2.html"><span style='color:#84007E;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>www.rimba.com/pendict/pendicpropersample2.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>_____________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><b>Go to Penan Home Page (various links)</b><span style='font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><a href="http://www.rimba.com/penanhomepage.html"><span style='color:#84007E;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>www.rimba.com/penanhomepage.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><b>Return to Ian Mackenzie&#8217;s Home Page</b><span style='font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><a href="http://www.rimba.com/index.html"><span style='color:#82007F;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>www.rimba.com/index.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:24.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none'><i>This page first published 26.nv.04</i><span style='font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><i>&copy; copyright 2006 Ian Mackenzie</i></p> </div> </body> </html>